In June, the Florida Department of Health issued a statewide advisory regarding mosquito-borne illnesses following four confirmed cases of malaria in Sarasota County. These cases marked the first instances of malaria in the state in two decades. Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 159 new cases of leprosy in the United States in 2020, with Florida being one of the top reporting states.
Hosts Matt Austin and Ginger Gadsden of Florida’s Fourth Estate were intrigued by these unexpected occurrences. Austin remarked, “Some Biblical diseases started making a comeback in the state of Florida—leprosy and malaria, these are two things I never thought we would be talking about again on the news.”
To shed light on these diseases and the concerns surrounding them, Dr. Elizabeth Borrero from Health First was invited to provide insights.
Dr. Borrero explained that leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is an ancient ailment that has never been fully eradicated. Many of the new cases in the U.S. are likely linked to individuals who have traveled to regions where leprosy is still prevalent. These regions include Nepal, India, Brazil, and Malaysia. Leprosy can be transmitted through contact with the nine-banded armadillo or soil. However, it is not highly contagious between people. Dr. Borrero emphasized, “As long as the person doesn’t have prolonged contact with another individual, you’re OK. You’re not going to acquire it immediately from somebody who has leprosy. It’s not that contagious, really.”
The primary mode of transmission for leprosy is via infected mosquitoes. Symptoms of leprosy may include night sweats, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Dr. Borrero noted that most patients seeking medical attention typically exhibit high fevers, which is a positive sign as it prompts early intervention.
Discussing the resurgence of malaria, Dr. Borrero suggested that travel plays a significant role in its spread. Travelers heading to countries where malaria is endemic should consider consulting a travel medicine specialist. The World Health Organization has taken substantial measures to combat the spread of malaria, including the development of a vaccine, although it is not yet available in the United States.
In summary, Florida’s unexpected encounters with rare diseases like leprosy and malaria have raised concerns. However, understanding their modes of transmission and taking appropriate precautions, such as consulting travel medicine specialists when needed, can help mitigate the risk of contracting these diseases. The World Health Organization’s efforts continue to make strides in controlling and preventing the spread of malaria worldwide.
